Imaging device for producing high resolution images using subpixel shifts and method of using same

ABSTRACT

An imaging device for producing a high resolution image of a target with an imaging sensor and a method using the same is provided. The method is comprised of the steps of: determining, from the target size, resolution requirements of the image to be produced; capturing multiple individual low resolution images of the target, a minimum number of individual images captured being based upon the resolution requirements determined in the determining resolution requirements step; moving the OIS module to specific positions between the capturing of the individual low resolution images in the capturing multiple low resolution images step, the specific positions being based upon the resolution requirements in the determining resolution requirements step; and processing the multiple low resolution images to produce a high resolution image.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/064,637 for An Imaging Device for Producing High Resolution Images Using Subpixel Shifts and Method of Using Same filed Mar. 9, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,674,430. Each of the foregoing patent application and patent is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to image-based sensing and in particular to using an imaging sensor to produce high resolution images.

BACKGROUND

Generally speaking image-based data entry, including optical character recognition and barcode scanning, and image-based sensing for process control and security, for example, are subject to limitations imposed by the quality of the input image. While each application will have different sensitivity to the input image quality, common image quality issues include blur, insufficient illumination, and insufficient resolution. In order to reduce blur in poorly-illuminated photographs, optical image stabilization (OIS) is an increasingly common feature of mobile phone cameras.

High resolution image sensors are useful in consistently getting quality images. However, the inclusion of high resolution sensors in a camera increases the cost of the camera and is not always necessary for the imaging application.

Therefore, a need exists for a lower cost, flexible solution for obtaining high resolution images on demand, without the cost of a high resolution sensor.

SUMMARY

The inventors have discovered that while OIS has been developed to mitigate motion blur, the same OIS hardware can be used to produce images with higher resolution than is provided by the image sensor, given the appropriate hardware control and image processing.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention embraces a method of producing a high resolution image of a target with an imaging sensor (e.g., a low or lower resolution imaging sensor) associated with an OIS module.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method is comprised of the steps of: determining, from the target size, resolution requirements of the image to be produced; capturing multiple individual low resolution images of the target, (a minimum number of individual images captured being based upon the resolution requirements determined in the determining resolution requirements step); moving the OIS module to specific positions between the capturing of the individual low resolution images in the capturing multiple low resolution images step, (the specific positions being based upon the resolution requirements in the determining resolution requirements step); and processing the multiple low resolution images to produce a high resolution image (i.e., a higher resolution image than the low (or lower) resolution images). The processing step is accomplished by producing a blurred image with super resolution of the target from the captured multiple low resolution images; and de-blurring the blurred high resolution image to generate a high resolution image (i.e., a higher resolution image than the lower resolution image).

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the resolution requirements include resolution magnitude and direction.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the captured low resolution images are composed of pixels. Each pixel in the de-blurred high resolution image has at least one corresponding pixel in the low resolution images.

In another exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises the step of determining a matrix for a set of linear equations which models the blurred high resolution image, based upon the step of determining resolution limits. The de-blurring step is accomplished by applying and solving the set of linear equations.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the de-blurring matrix is a Gaussian kernel.

In yet another exemplary embodiment of the method, the de-blurring step is accomplished by the steps of: applying a Fourier transform to the blurred image with super resolution; multiplying the Fourier Transform in the frequency domain; and applying an inverse of the Fourier Transform to the product of multiplying in order to generate the high resolution image.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the step of processing the multiple low resolution images to produce a high resolution image is accomplished by applying a back-projection algorithm to the multiple low resolution images.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the captured low resolution images are composed of pixels. The step of determining resolution requirements of the image to be produced includes determining number and shift locations of the OIS such that all pixels in the blurred high resolution image correspond to at least one pixel in the low resolution images.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the step of applying a back-projection algorithm includes incorporating prior information on the target in the processing to resolve ambiguities.

In yet another exemplary embodiment of the method, the step of determining resolution requirements involves the steps of recognizing barcode symbologies and determining the number of pixels in each direction needed for decoding.

In another exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises the step of sending the high resolution image to decoder for decoding barcodes.

In another aspect, the present invention embraces an imaging device for producing high resolution images of a target with an imaging sensor.

In an exemplary embodiment, the imaging device is comprised of an imaging sensor, an OIS module, and a processor. The imaging sensor and the OIS module are associated with each other. This association is not limited to being communicatively linked, but also adapted to work together as discussed hereinafter. The imaging sensor and the OIS module are communicatively linked to the processor. In the present exemplary embodiment, the processor is configured to determine resolution requirements of the image to be produced from the target size. The processor is also configured to instruct the imaging sensor how many low resolution images should be captured based upon the resolution requirements. The imaging sensor is configured to capture multiple images of the target based upon the instructions from the processor. The processor is further configured to determine movement of the OIS module to specific positions while the imaging sensor is capturing multiple images based upon the determined resolution requirements of the image and to communicate the determined movement to the OIS module. The OIS module is configured to move to the specific determined positions based upon the communications from the processor while the imaging sensor is capturing multiple images of the target. The OIS module moves between the determined positions between image captures by the imaging sensor. The processor is configured to produce a blurred image with super resolution of the target from the captured multiple low resolution images and is configured to de-blur the blurred high resolution image in processing the multiple low resolution images to produce a high resolution image.

In another exemplary embodiment, the processor is configured to use spatial domain de-blurring with a system of linear equations to process the multiple low resolution images to produce a high resolution image.

In another exemplary embodiment, the resolution requirements include resolution magnitude and direction.

In another exemplary embodiment, the captured low resolution images are composed of pixels. The number of low resolution images captured and the determined positions of the OIS module are sufficient, such that all pixels in the processed multiple low resolution images correspond to at least one pixel in the captured low resolution images.

In another exemplary embodiment, the processor is configured to produce a blurred image with super resolution of the target from the captured multiple low resolution images. The processor is also configured to de-blur the blurred high resolution image in processing the multiple low resolution images to produce a high resolution image.

In another exemplary embodiment, the processor is configured to apply an algorithm selected from linear equations, Fourier transforms, and back-projection algorithms to the blurred image with super resolution of the target to de-blur the blurred high resolution image.

In yet another exemplary embodiment, the processor is further configured to determine a matrix for a set of linear equations which models the blurred high resolution image based upon the determined resolution requirements.

In another exemplary embodiment, the processor is configured to apply an algorithm selected from linear equations, Fourier transforms, and back-projection algorithms to the multiple low resolution images in processing the multiple low resolution images to produce a high resolution image.

In yet another exemplary embodiment, the target is a barcode. The processor is configured to recognize barcode symbologies when determining the resolution requirements. The processor is further configured to send the high resolution image to a decoder.

The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and/or advantages of the invention, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically depicts in a flow chart the method of producing a high resolution image of a target with an imaging sensor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 schematically depicts in a flow chart, two methods of producing a high resolution image from a blurred high resolution image in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 schematically shows the imaging sensor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 schematically shows in a flowchart the operation of the imaging sensor of FIG. 3 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention embraces a method producing a high resolution image of a target with an imaging sensor associated with an OIS module.

In an exemplary embodiment, depicted as a flow chart in FIG. 1, the method (100) includes the steps of: (120) determining, from the target size, resolution requirements of the image to be produced; (140) capturing multiple individual low resolution images of the target, a minimum number of individual images captured being based upon the resolution requirements determined in the determining resolution requirements step; (150) moving the OIS module to specific positions between the capturing of the individual low resolution images in the capturing multiple low resolution images step, the specific positions being based upon the resolution requirements in the determining resolution requirements step; and (160) processing the multiple low resolution images to produce a high resolution image.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method (100), the resolution requirements include resolution magnitude and direction. For example, if the target is a barcode, the determining step (120) includes the steps of (180) recognizing barcode symbologies, and (190) determining the number of pixels in each direction needed for decoding. Barcode symbologies include, but are not limited to: UPC, EAN, Code 39, Code 128, ITF (2 of 5), Code 93, CodaBar, GS1 DataBar, MSI Plessey, QR, Datamatrix, PDF417, and Aztec barcodes. In the determining step (120) for example, a UPC barcode needs more resolution in the horizontal plane than in the vertical plane. The OIS Module may have a controller and a processor. Alternatively, the processor may be a separate entity. In either case, the resolution requirements are determined, which determines the number of images to be captured and the position of the OIS module for each image capture for the capturing step (140) and the moving the OIS module step (150).

In another exemplary embodiment of the method (100), the captured low resolution images are composed of pixels; and the step (120) of determining resolution requirements of the image to be produced includes the step of (130) determining number and shift locations of the OIS such that all pixels in the blurred high resolution image correspond to at least one pixel in the low resolution images. This ensures that the pixels have a one-to-one match.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method (100), the step (160) of processing the multiple low resolution images may be comprised of a two-step process (170) comprising the steps of: (172) producing a blurred image with super resolution of the target from the captured multiple low resolution images; and the step of (174) de-blurring the blurred high resolution image to generate a high resolution image. As described hereinbefore, the captured low resolution images are composed of pixels, and each pixel in the de-blurred high resolution image has at least one corresponding pixel in the low resolution images.

In the case where the target is one a type of barcodes, the method also includes the step (200) of sending the produced high resolution image to a decoder to decode the barcode.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method (100), there are several processes possible to accomplish the step (174) of de-blurring the blurred high resolution image to generate a high resolution image. Referring to FIG. 2, in an exemplary embodiment, the step (174) of de-blurring the blurred high resolution image to generate a high resolution image may be accomplished by the steps designated collectively by numeral (300). These are comprised of the steps of: (310) applying a Fourier transform to the blurred image with super resolution; (320) multiplying the Fourier Transform in the frequency domain; and (330) applying an inverse of the Fourier Transform to the product of multiplying in order to generate the high resolution image.

In another exemplary embodiment, also depicted in FIG. 2, the step (174) of de-blurring the blurred high resolution image to generate a high resolution image may be accomplished by the steps designated collectively by numeral (400). These are comprised of the steps of: (410) determining a matrix for a linear equation which models the blurred high resolution image based upon the step (120) of determining resolution limits; and (420) applying and solving the linear equation. In the present embodiment, for example, the matrix or the de-blurring matrix is a Gaussian kernel.

In general, the step (160) of processing the multiple low resolution images to produce a high resolution image may be accomplished by applying an algorithm to the multiple low resolution images. The collective steps (170), (300) and (400) previously described illustrate particular embodiments of this. In general, the algorithm selected is not limited to these, but may include linear equations, Fourier transforms and back projection algorithms and the like.

In an exemplary embodiment, applying a back-projection algorithm would entail incorporating prior information on the target in the processing step (160) to resolve ambiguities.

The present invention also embraces an imaging device for producing high resolution images of a target with an imaging sensor.

Referring now to FIG. 3, in an exemplary embodiment, the imaging device (500) is comprised of: an imaging sensor (510) (e.g., a low or lower resolution imaging sensor), an OIS module (520), and a processor (530). The processor (530) is communicatively linked to the OIS module (520) and the imaging sensor (510), as designated by the connecting arrows. The imaging sensor (510) is associated with the OIS module (520) as designated by the connecting dotted line arrow. This association is a spatial relationship, not electrical; the OIS is in the optical path of photons which reach the imaging sensor.

OIS modules, as is known in the art, generally include an OIS controller. Generally, as is known in the art, OIS modules work in the conventional manner of either moving the lens or system of lenses or move the image sensor itself to correct for image device shaking. Either type of OIS module will work in the present invention.

In the present invention, the imaging sensor (510) is associated with the OIS module (520) in that the imaging sensor (510) and the OIS module (520) can be made to work together via the processor (530) for the inventive application of the present invention.

In another exemplary embodiment, the processor (530) may be part of the OIS module (520) although in the present Figure they are shown as separate entities.

In the case, as shown, where the target (10) is a barcode, the imaging sensor (500) may include or have access to a barcode decoder (540).

Referring now to FIG. 4, the operation of the imaging device (500) of FIG. 3 in producing a high resolution image of a target (10) is shown in a flowchart. The operation is generally designated (600). In operation, the first step is (610) the imaging sensor “sees” a target. Then (620) the processor determines from the target type and size the resolution requirements, including the magnitude and direction of the resolution requirements. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the target (10) is a UPC barcode. Higher resolution is needed in the horizontal dimension than in the vertical dimension for a UPC. However, if the target is a QR code (not shown), both dimensions need the same resolution. Next (630) the processor instructs the imaging sensor how many images to capture, based on the resolution requirements. For example, the higher the resolution requirements, the more images the processor will instruct the imaging sensor to capture. Also (640) the processor determines the movement of the OIS module to specific positions during the image capture sequence. These positions are based also on the resolution requirements for each dimension. For example, if the target is a UPC code, the OIS module may be instructed to move to several positions in the horizontal dimension during the image capture, but not move with respect to the vertical dimension. Note that the OIS module moves to a new position between image captures. Then (650) the imaging sensor captures multiple images of the target based on the number instructed by the processor. (660) The OIS module moves to the specific positions as described hereinabove. In (670) the processor produces a blurred image with super resolution from the captured multiple low resolution images. Finally, (680) the processor de-blurs the blurred high resolution image to produce a high resolution image.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, as stated above, in processing the multiple low resolution images, (670) the processor produces a blurred image with super resolution of the target from the captured multiple low resolution images. (680) The processor de-blurs the blurred high resolution image. In an exemplary embodiment (700) The processor uses spatial domain de-blurring with a system or matrix of linear equations to produce a high resolution image. The system of linear equations may include algorithms such as Fourier transforms, and linear equation matrices.

In another exemplary embodiment (not shown), the processor is configured to use a back projection algorithm, which incorporates prior information about the target in the processing to resolve ambiguities in order to produce the high resolution images. This can be done in conjunction with the de-blurring techniques described hereinbefore to resolve ambiguities

In the event that the target (10) is a barcode, as shown, the processor is also configured in (690) to send the high resolution image to a barcode decoder for decoding the barcode.

It is to be understood, that the present invention uses multiple images to increase the spatial resolution, which sacrifices temporal resolution, that is, it takes longer to produce a high resolution image using the present invention. However, the present invention allows both high and low resolution images to be produced with inexpensive equipment on demand, that is, not every image produced has to be high resolution. The same hardware that is incorporated in many imaging devices such as smart phones and cameras can be used by controlling the hardware in a novel way as described hereinbefore, and through image processing as described hereinbefore.

* * *

To supplement the present disclosure, this application incorporates entirely by reference the following commonly assigned patents, patent application publications, and patent applications:

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In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments of the invention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: determining, from a target size, resolution requirements of an image to be produced; capturing multiple individual lower resolution images of a target, a number of individual images captured being based upon the determined resolution requirements; moving an optical image stabilization (OIS) module to specific positions between the capturing of the individual lower resolution images, the specific positions being based upon the determined resolution requirements; and processing the multiple lower resolution images to produce a higher resolution image.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the resolution requirements include resolution magnitude and direction.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the captured lower resolution images are composed of pixels, and wherein each pixel in the de-blurred higher resolution image has at least one corresponding pixel in the lower resolution images.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of determining a matrix for a set of linear equations which models the blurred higher resolution image based upon the step of determining resolution limits and wherein the de-blurring step is accomplished by applying and solving the set of linear equations.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the de-blurring matrix is a Gaussian kernel.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the de-blurring step is accomplished by the steps of: applying a Fourier transform to the blurred image with super resolution; multiplying the Fourier Transform in the frequency domain; and applying an inverse of the Fourier Transform to the product of multiplying in order to generate the higher resolution image.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of processing the multiple lower resolution images to produce a higher resolution image is accomplished by applying a back projection algorithm to the multiple lower resolution images.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of applying a back-projection algorithm includes incorporating prior information on the target in the processing to resolve ambiguities.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the captured lower resolution images are composed of pixels; and the step of determining resolution requirements of the image to be produced includes determining number and shift locations of the OIS such that all pixels in the blurred higher resolution image correspond to at least one pixel in the lower resolution images.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining resolution requirements involves the steps of: recognizing barcode symbologies and determining the number of pixels in each direction needed for decoding.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of sending the higher resolution image to a decoder.
 12. A device, comprising: an imaging sensor; an optical image stabilization (OIS) module, the imaging sensor and the OIS module being associated; and a processor communicatively linked to the OIS module and the imaging sensor; the processor being configured to: determine resolution requirements of an image to be produced from a target size; instruct the imaging sensor how many lower resolution images should be captured based upon the resolution requirements; capture multiple images of the target based upon the instructions from the processor; determine movement of the OIS module to specific positions while the imaging sensor is capturing multiple images based upon the determined resolution requirements of the image and to communicate the determined movement to the OIS module; the OIS module being configured to move to the specific determined positions based upon the communications from the processor while the imaging sensor is capturing multiple images of the target, the OIS module moving between the determined positions between image captures by the imaging sensor; and the processor is configured to process the multiple lower resolution images to produce a higher resolution image.
 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to use spatial domain de-blurring with a system of linear equations to process the multiple lower resolution images to produce a higher resolution image.
 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the resolution requirements include resolution magnitude and direction.
 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the captured lower resolution images are composed of pixels; and wherein the number of lower resolution images captured and the determined positions of the OIS module are sufficient such that all pixels in the processed multiple lower resolution images correspond to at least one pixel in the captured lower resolution images.
 16. The device of claim 12, the processor is configured to apply an algorithm selected from linear equations, Fourier transforms, and back-projection algorithms to the blurred image with super resolution of the target in de-blurring the blurred higher resolution image.
 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a matrix for a set of linear equations which models the blurred higher resolution image based upon the determined resolution requirements.
 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to apply an algorithm selected from linear equations, Fourier transforms, and back-projection algorithms to the multiple lower resolution images in processing the multiple lower resolution images to produce a higher resolution image.
 19. The device of claim 12, wherein the target is a barcode; wherein the processor is configured to recognize barcode symbologies when determining the resolution requirements; and wherein the processor is configured to send the higher resolution image to a decoder. 